-
About the
New York Fed -
Economic
Research -
Financial Institution Supervision
- Financial Services
& Infrastructure- Outreach
& EducationThe New York Fed engages with individuals, households and businesses in the Second District and maintains an active dialogue in the region. The Bank gathers and shares regional economic intelligence to inform our community and policy makers, and promotes sound financial and economic decisions through community development and education programs.
Liberty Street Economics
7 posts on "Current Account"August 07, 2019
Does a Data Quirk Inflate China’s Travel Services Deficit?
Chinese residents are increasingly traveling to see the rest of the world, logging a total of 162 million foreign visits in 2018, up from 57 million in 2010. Increased travel spending by Chinese residents is acting to reduce the country's trade surplus because such spending is counted as a services import. However, there appears to be a quirk in the Chinese data that results in a significant understatement of the offsetting spending by visitors to China (a services export). According to other Chinese data, this understatement totaled $85 billion in 2018. If so, China's deficit in travel services is smaller than officially reported, and its trade surplus correspondingly larger.
Continue reading "Does a Data Quirk Inflate China’s Travel Services Deficit?" »
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Balance of Payments, Current Account, Exports, International Economics | Permalink | Comments (0)May 30, 2018
Good News, Leverage, and Sudden Stops
One of the major debates in open economy macroeconomics is the extent to which capital inflows are beneficial for growth. In principle, these flows allow countries to increase their consumption and investment spending beyond their income by enabling them to tap into foreign saving. Periods of such borrowing, however, are associated with large trade deficits, external debt accumulation, and, in some cases, overheating when these economies operate beyond their potential output level for an extended period of time. The relevant question in this context is whether the rate at which a country is taking on external debt has useful predictive information about financial crises.
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Crisis, Current Account, Expectations, Exports, Household, International Economics, Macroecon | Permalink | Comments (0)May 09, 2016
The Turnaround in Private and Public Financial Outflows from China
China lends to the rest of the world because it saves much more than it needs to fund its high level of physical investment spending. For years, the public sector accounted for this lending through the Chinese central bank’s purchase of foreign assets, but this changed in 2015. The country still had substantial net financial outflows, but unlike in previous years, more private money was pouring out of China than was flowing in. This shift in private sector behavior forced the central bank to sell foreign assets so that the sum of net private and public outflows would equal the saving surplus at prevailing exchange rates. Explanations for this turnaround by private investors include lower returns on domestic investment spending and a less optimistic outlook for China’s currency.
Continue reading "The Turnaround in Private and Public Financial Outflows from China" »
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Balance of Payments, Central Bank, Current Account, Exchange Rates, Exports, Financial Markets, International Economics | Permalink | Comments (0)June 24, 2015
Falling Oil Prices and Global Saving
The rise in oil prices from near $30 per barrel in 2000 to around $110 per barrel in mid-2014 was a dramatic reallocation of global income to oil producers. So what did oil producers do with this bounty? Trade data show that they spent about half of the increase in total export revenues on imports and the other half to buy foreign assets. The drop in oil prices will unwind this process. Oil-importing countries will gain from lower oil bills, but they will also see a decline in their exports to oil-producing countries and in purchases of their assets by investors in these countries. Indeed, one can make the case that the drop in oil prices, by itself, is putting upward pressure on interest rates as income shifts away from countries that have had a relatively high propensity to save.
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Current Account, Euro Area, Exports, Financial Markets, International Economics | Permalink | Comments (1)August 20, 2014
The Declining U.S. Reliance on Foreign Investors
Thomas Klitgaard and Preston Mui
The United States has been borrowing from the rest of the world since the mid-1980s. From 2000 to 2008, this borrowing averaged over $600 billion per year, which translates into U.S. spending exceeding income by almost 5.0 percent of GDP. Borrowing fell during the recent recession, as would be expected, and then rebounded with the recovery. Since 2011, however, borrowing has trended down and fell to 2.4 percent of GDP in 2013, the smallest amount as a share of GDP since 1997. A reduced dependency on foreign funds can be viewed as a favorable development to the extent that it reflects an improvement in the fiscal balance to a more easily sustainable level. However, it also reflects the lackluster recovery in residential investment, which is one reason the economy has yet to get back to its full operating potential.
Continue reading "The Declining U.S. Reliance on Foreign Investors" »
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Current Account, International Economics, Macroecon | Permalink | Comments (0)November 04, 2013
Japan's Missing Wall of Money
Thomas Klitgaard
The Bank of Japan announced an open-ended asset purchase program in January 2013 and an unexpectedly ramped-up version of the program was implemented in early April. Market commentary at that time suggested that flooding the economy with liquidity would lead to a “wall of money” flowing out of Japan in search of higher yields, affecting asset prices worldwide. So far, however, Japan’s wall of money remains missing in action, with no pickup in Japanese foreign investment since the April policy shift. Why is this? Here we explain that while economic theory does not offer clear guidance on how financial outflows might respond to the injection of cash from central bank asset purchases, it does point to an important constraint on the potential size. In particular, monetary expansion will not cause a surge in financial outflows unless it also induces a similar surge in capital flowing into the country.
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Balance of Payments, Current Account, Exchange Rates, Exports, International Economics | Permalink | Comments (1)May 22, 2013
Foreign Borrowing in the Euro Area Periphery: The End Is Near
Matthew Higgins and Thomas Klitgaard
Current account deficits in euro area periphery countries have now largely disappeared. This represents a substantial adjustment. Only two years ago, deficits stood at nearly 10 percent of GDP in Greece and Portugal and 5 percent in Spain and Italy (see chart below). This sharp narrowing means that spending has been brought in line with income, largely righting an imbalance that had left these countries dependent on heavy foreign borrowing. However, adjustment has come at a sizable cost to growth, with lower domestic spending only partly offset by higher export sales. Downward pressure on domestic spending should abate now that the periphery countries have been weaned from foreign borrowing. The risk, though, is that foreign creditors might demand that the countries pay down (rather than merely service) accumulated external debts, forcing them to reduce spending below incomes.
Continue reading "Foreign Borrowing in the Euro Area Periphery: The End Is Near" »
Posted by Blog Author at 7:00 AM in Balance of Payments, Current Account, Euro Area, Exchange Rates, Exports, International Economics | Permalink | Comments (1)About the BlogLiberty Street Economics features insight and analysis from New York Fed economists working at the intersection of research and policy. Launched in 2011, the blog takes its name from the Bank’s headquarters at 33 Liberty Street in Manhattan’s Financial District.
The editors are Michael Fleming, Andrew Haughwout, Thomas Klitgaard, and Asani Sarkar, all economists in the Bank’s Research Group.
Liberty Street Economics does not publish new posts during the blackout periods surrounding Federal Open Market Committee meetings.
The views expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the position of the New York Fed or the Federal Reserve System.
Economic Research Tracker
Liberty Street Economics is now available on the iPhone® and iPad® and can be customized by economic research topic or economist.
View by Topicbank capital balance of payments banks central bank corporate finance credit crisis crisis chronicles cryptocurrencies currency current account dealers demographics dodd-frank dsge economic history education employment euro area exchange rates expectations exports fed funds federal reserve financial institutions financial intermediation financial markets fire sale fiscal policy fomc forecasting foreclosure great recession hey, economist! high frequency trading historical echoes household household finance housing human capital inequality inflation international economics labor economics labor market lender of last resort liquidity macroecon monetary policy mortgages new jersey new york new york city pandemic panic phillips curve puerto rico recession regional analysis regulation repo sandy stocks student loans systemic risk tariffs treasury unemployment wagesMost Viewed1. 2. 3 4. 5.
Last 12 MonthsUseful LinksComment GuidelinesWe encourage your comments and queries on our posts and will publish them (below the post) subject to the following guidelines:Please be brief: Comments are limited to 1500 characters.Please be quick: Comments submitted after COB on Friday will not be published until Monday morning.Please be aware: Comments submitted shortly before or during the FOMC blackout may not be published until after the blackout.Please be on-topic and patient: Comments are moderated and will not appear until they have been reviewed to ensure that they are substantive and clearly related to the topic of the post. We reserve the right not to post any comment, and will not post comments that are abusive, harassing, obscene, or commercial in nature. No notice will be given regarding whether a submission will or will not be posted.Disclosure PolicyThe LSE editors ask authors submitting a post to the blog to confirm that they have no conflicts of interest as defined by the American Economic Association in its Disclosure Policy. If an author has sources of financial support or other interests that could be perceived as influencing the research presented in the post, we disclose that fact in a statement prepared by the author and appended to the author information at the end of the post. If the author has no such interests to disclose, no statement is provided. Note, however, that we do indicate in all cases if a data vendor or other party has a right to review a post.Archives - Financial Services
RSS Feed