Sophia Cho and John C. Williams

Recently, there has been renewed attention on the natural rate of interest—often referred to as “r-star”—and whether it has risen from the historically low levels that prevailed before the COVID-19 pandemic. The natural interest rate is the real (inflation-adjusted) interest rate expected to prevail when supply and demand in the economy are in balance and inflation is stable. Some commentators claim that the prior decline in r‑star has reversed, pointing to the recent rise in future real interest rates implied by the bond market. But before declaring the death of this “low r‑star” era, a natural question to ask is: how reliable are market-based measures of r‑star? In this Liberty Street Economics post, we evaluate whether such measures provide additional information on future real interest rates beyond what is already contained in macroeconomic model-based estimates of r-star. Our findings suggest they do not, and we conclude that reports of the death of low r-star are greatly exaggerated.