No Guarantees, No Trade!
World trade fell 20 percent relative to world GDP in 2008 and 2009.
Highlights from the Global Research Forum on International Macroeconomics and Finance
International financial flows are a key feature of the global landscape and are relevant in many ways for central banks.
Crisis Chronicles: The Panic of 1819—America’s First Great Economic Crisis
As we noted in our last post on the British crisis of 1816, while Britain emerged from nearly a quarter century of war with France ready to supply the world with manufactured goods, it needed cotton to supply the mills, and all of Europe needed wheat to supplement a series of poor harvests.
Crisis Chronicles: The Crisis of 1816, the Year without a Summer, and Sunspot Equilibria
In 1815, England emerged victorious after what had been nearly a quarter century of war with France.
Crisis Chronicles: The British Export Bubble of 1810 and Pegged versus Floating Exchange Rates
In the early 1800s, Napoleon’s plan to defeat Britain was to destroy its ability to trade.
Crisis Chronicles: The Hamburg Crisis of 1799 and How Extreme Winter Weather Still Disrupts the Economy
With intermittent war raging across much of Western Europe near the end of the eighteenth century, by about 1795, Hamburg had replaced Amsterdam as an important hub for commodities trade.
Crisis Chronicles: The Collapse of the French Assignat and Its Link to Virtual Currencies Today
In the late 1700s, France ran a persistent deficit and by the late 1780s struggled with how to balance the budget and pay down the debt.
At the N.Y. Fed: Conference Highlights Financing Tools for New York’s Food and Beverage Firms
With more than 35,000 farms and $5.5 billion in annual sales, the agriculture industry is an important part of the New York State economy.
Why Hasn’t the Yen Depreciation Spurred Japanese Exports?
The Japanese yen depreciated 30 percent from its peak in the fourth quarter of 2011 against its trading partners.
Why U.S. Exporters Use Letters of Credit
Banks play a critical role in international trade by offering letters of credit (LCs) that substantially reduce the risk faced by exporters.