64 posts on "Exchange Rates"
June 22, 2016
The Rapidly Changing Nature of Japan’s Public Debt
Japan’s general government debt-to-GDP ratio is the highest of advanced economies, due in part to increased spending on social services for an aging population and a level of GDP that has not increased for two decades.
Posted at 7:00 am in Bank Capital, Exchange Rates, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy | Permalink | Comments (6)
June 1, 2016
Revisiting the Case for International Policy Coordination
Prompted by the U.S. financial crisis and subsequent global recession, policymakers in advanced economies slashed interest rates dramatically, hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB), and then implemented unconventional policies such as large-scale asset purchases. In emerging economies, however, the policy response was more subdued since they were less affected by the financial crisis. As a result, capital flows from advanced to emerging economies increased markedly in response to widening interest rate differentials. Some emerging economies reacted by adopting measures to slow down capital inflows, acting under the presumption that these flows were harmful. This type of policy response has reignited the debate over how to moderate international spillovers.
Posted at 7:00 am in Exchange Rates, Exports, Financial Markets, International Economics, Monetary Policy | Permalink
May 9, 2016
The Turnaround in Private and Public Financial Outflows from China
China lends to the rest of the world because it saves much more than it needs to fund its high level of physical investment spending.
March 23, 2016
Is Bitcoin Really Frictionless?
Bitcoin is the most popular virtual currency yet developed.
February 4, 2016
How Do Central Bank Balance Sheets Change in Times of Crisis?
The 2007-09 financial crisis, and the monetary policy response to it, have greatly increased the size of central bank balance sheets around the world.
February 3, 2016
What Is the Composition of Central Bank Balance Sheets in Normal Times?
There has been unusually high activity on central banks’ balance sheets in recent years.
February 2, 2016
Counterparties and Collateral Requirements for Implementing Monetary Policy
What types of counterparties can borrow from or lend to a central bank, and what kind of collateral must they possess in order to receive a loan? These are two key aspects of a central bank’s monetary policy implementation framework. Since at least the nineteenth century, it has been understood that an important role of central banks is to lend to solvent but illiquid institutions, particularly during a crisis, as this provides liquidity insurance to the financial system. They also provide liquidity to markets during normal times as a means to implement monetary policy. Central banks that rely on scarcity of reserves need to adjust the supply of liquidity in the market, as described in our previous post[add link]. In this post, we focus on liquidity provision related to the conduct of monetary policy .
February 1, 2016
Standard Elements of a Monetary Policy Implementation Framework
Emily Eisner, Antoine Martin, and Ylva Søvik In the minutes of the July 2015 Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting, the chair indicated that Federal Reserve staff would undertake an extended effort to evaluate potential long-run monetary policy implementation frameworks. But what is a central bank’s monetary policy implementation framework? In a series of four […]
January 6, 2016
Hedging Income Fluctuations with Foreign Currency Assets
The world has gone through a process of financial globalization over the past two decades, with countries increasing their holdings of foreign assets and liabilities.
Posted at 7:00 am in Exchange Rates, Household Finance, Inflation, International Economics | Permalink
October 16, 2015
Just Released: Regional Service Sector Resilient even as Manufacturing Slumps
The October 2015 Business Leaders Survey of regional service firms, released today, paints a considerably more benign picture of local business conditions than the more troubling October 2015 Empire State Manufacturing Survey, released yesterday.
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